Convert OpenVZ to LXC: Difference between revisions
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= Introduction = | == Introduction == | ||
This article describes the migration of OpenVZ containers to Linux containers (LXC). OpenVZ is not available for Kernels above 2.6.32, therefore a migration is necessary. [[Linux Container]] technology is available in all mainline Linux kernels and a future proof technology introduced in Proxmox VE 4.x series | This article describes the migration of OpenVZ containers to Linux containers (LXC). OpenVZ is not available for Kernels above 2.6.32, therefore a migration is necessary. [[Linux Container]] technology is available in all mainline Linux kernels and a future proof technology introduced in Proxmox VE 4.x series. | ||
= Move an OpenVZ container to LXC in 5 steps = | == Move an OpenVZ container to LXC in 5 steps == | ||
== General overview | === General overview === | ||
Basically you have to follow these steps: | Basically you have to follow these steps: | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
on the Proxmox VE 4.x node: | on the Proxmox VE 4.x node: | ||
# create a LXC container based on the backup | # restore/create a LXC container based on the backup | ||
# configure the network with | # configure the network with the previous settings | ||
# | # boot and voilà, it works | ||
Note that all the steps mentioned here can be done with the Web GUI. However, it is easier to split the steps in command line actions. This allows | Note that all the steps mentioned here can be done with the Web GUI. However, it is easier to split the steps in command line actions. This allows to script the steps if there is a bigger number of containers to convert. | ||
= Step by step conversion = | ===Unsupported OpenVZ templates=== | ||
Not all OpenVZ templates are supported. If you try to convert OpenVZ template with unsupported OS then you will get error message during pct restore command and restore will fail. | |||
<pre> | |||
unsupported fedora release 'Fedora release 14 (Laughlin)' | |||
</pre> | |||
== Step by step conversion == | |||
Login with ssh on your Proxmox VE 3.x node: | Login with ssh on your Proxmox VE 3.x node: | ||
| Line 30: | Line 37: | ||
== Get the network configuration of the OpenVZ containers, and note it somewhere == | === Get the network configuration of the OpenVZ containers, and note it somewhere === | ||
A) If your container uses a venet device, you get the address directly from the command line: | A) If your container uses a venet device, you get the address directly from the command line: | ||
| Line 46: | Line 53: | ||
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 | cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 | ||
exit | exit | ||
There may be more than one network interface in CentOS that will be seen using <tt>ifcfg-eth1</tt> and the like in the above command. | |||
If you have a Debian, Ubuntu or Turnkey Linux appliance: | If you have a Debian, Ubuntu or Turnkey Linux appliance (all network interfaces are available in one go here): | ||
vzctl enter 101 | vzctl enter 101 | ||
| Line 53: | Line 61: | ||
exit | exit | ||
== Make a backup of your containers == | === Make a backup of your containers === | ||
First choose on which storage you want to backup the containers. | First choose on which storage you want to backup the containers. | ||
<pre> | |||
# List available storages: | |||
pvesm status | |||
freenas nfs 1 27676672 128 27676544 0.50% | |||
local dir 1 8512928 2122088 6390840 25.43% | |||
nas-iso nfs 1 2558314496 421186560 2137127936 16.96% | |||
</pre> | |||
For example, you can use the "local" storage, which corresponds to the directory <tt>/var/lib/vz/dump</tt> on a standard Proxmox VE installation. | |||
By default, this storage does not allow backups to be stored, so make sure you enable it for backup contents. (See [[Storage_Model#Storage_type_Content|Storage type Content]]) | |||
By default, this storage does not allow backups to be stored, so make sure you enable it for backup contents. | |||
( | |||
Then backup all the containers | Then backup all the containers | ||
<pre> | |||
# Stop the container, and start a backup right after the shutdown: | |||
vzctl stop 100 && vzdump 100 -storage local | |||
vzctl stop 101 && vzdump 101 -storage local | |||
vzctl stop 102 && vzdump 102 -storage local | |||
</pre> | |||
At that point you can either: | At that point you can either: | ||
* A) Upgrade your Proxmox VE 3.x node to Proxmox VE 4<br /> | * A) Upgrade your Proxmox VE 3.x node to Proxmox VE 4.x<br /> | ||
* B) Copy the backups to a Proxmox VE 4 node, and do the conversion on the Proxmox VE 4 node | * B) Copy the backups to a Proxmox VE 4.x node, and do the conversion on the Proxmox VE 4.x node | ||
Suppose you follow option B) (copy the backups to the Proxmox VE 4 node, and convert to LXC format) | Suppose you follow option B) (copy the backups to the Proxmox VE 4.x node, and convert to LXC format) | ||
<pre> | |||
# Copy each container tar backup to the pve4 node via ssh: | |||
cd /var/lib/vz/dump/ | |||
scp vzdump-openvz-100-2015_08_27-10_46_47.tar root@pve4:/var/lib/vz/dump | |||
scp vzdump-openvz-101-2015_08_27-10_50_44.tar root@pve4:/var/lib/vz/dump | |||
scp vzdump-openvz-102-2015_08_27-10_56_34.tar root@pve4:/var/lib/vz/dump | |||
</pre> | |||
== Create LXCs based on your backup == | === Restore/Create LXCs based on your backup === | ||
Now switch to the Proxmox VE 4 node, and create containers based on the backup: | Now switch to the Proxmox VE 4 node, and create containers based on the backup: | ||
| Line 95: | Line 108: | ||
At that point you should be able to see your containers in the web interface, but they still have no network. | At that point you should be able to see your containers in the web interface, but they still have no network. | ||
== Add network configuration based on the original settings == | '''Note:''' if you want to / have to restore to a different storage than the default 'local' one, add "-storage STORAGEID" to the "pct restore" command. E.g., if you have a ZFS storage called 'local-zfs', you can use the following command to restore: | ||
pct restore 100 /var/lib/vz/dump/vzdump-openvz-100-2015_08_27-10_46_47.tar -storage local-zfs | |||
=== Add network configuration based on the original settings === | |||
LXCs uses virtual network adapter which are bridged to the physical interface of your host. | LXCs uses virtual network adapter which are bridged to the physical interface of your host. | ||
| Line 101: | Line 118: | ||
In Proxmox VE 3.x the configuration of each container using a '''veth''' device had to be done inside the container. | In Proxmox VE 3.x the configuration of each container using a '''veth''' device had to be done inside the container. | ||
In Proxmox VE 4 you can do this directly from the host. | In Proxmox VE 4.x you can do this directly from the host. | ||
==== Add network configuration via the GUI ==== | ===== Add network configuration via the GUI ===== | ||
For each container: | For each container: | ||
* Select the container by clicking on it | * Select the container by clicking on it | ||
| Line 113: | Line 130: | ||
:put your IP address and the corresponding netmask in the following format 192.168.5.75/24 | :put your IP address and the corresponding netmask in the following format 192.168.5.75/24 | ||
==== Add network configuration via the CLI ==== | ===== Add network configuration via the CLI ===== | ||
pct set 101 -net0 name=eth0,bridge=vmbr0,ip=192.168.15.144/24,gw=192.168.15.1 | pct set 101 -net0 name=eth0,bridge=vmbr0,ip=192.168.15.144/24,gw=192.168.15.1 | ||
pct set 102 -net0 name=eth0,bridge=vmbr0,ip=192.168.15.145/24,gw=192.168.15.1 | pct set 102 -net0 name=eth0,bridge=vmbr0,ip=192.168.15.145/24,gw=192.168.15.1 | ||
== Start the containers | === Start the containers === | ||
pct start 100 | pct start 100 | ||
| Line 128: | Line 145: | ||
pct enter 100 | pct enter 100 | ||
== Optional steps == | === Optional steps === | ||
=== Graphical console === | ==== Graphical console ==== | ||
If you have not yet done it before, [https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/OpenVZ_Console you can add a console to your container], so you can log in to the containers via the web GUI. | If you have not yet done it before, [https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/OpenVZ_Console you can add a console to your container], so you can log in to the containers via the web GUI. | ||
=== OpenVZ bind mounts === | ==== OpenVZ bind mounts ==== | ||
If you use [https://openvz.org/Bind_mounts OpenVZ bind mounts], you need to recreate them in LXC. See [[LXC Bind Mounts]] | If you use [https://openvz.org/Bind_mounts OpenVZ bind mounts], you need to recreate them in LXC. See [[LXC Bind Mounts]] | ||
==== PTY Allocation ==== | |||
`/dev/pts' and `/dev/shm' used to be present in OpenVZ templates' `/etc/fstab', but cannot be mounted with a current LXC (>= 3.0). If the VPS refuses to start remove those lines from `/etc/fstab' (or the complete file if nothing relevant remains) - e.g.: | |||
<pre> | |||
none /dev/pts devpts rw,gid=5,mode=620 0 0 | |||
none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 | |||
</pre> | |||
need to be removed | |||
# mount the container rootfs `pct mount $VMID' | |||
# edit the fstab `nano /var/lib/lxc/$VMID/rootfs' | |||
# unmount the container rootfs `pct unmount $VMID' | |||
= | == See also == | ||
= | === CentOS 6 OpenVZ to LXC migration issues === | ||
https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/centos-6-openvz-to-lxc-migration-issues.35058/ | |||
[[Category: HOWTO | [[Category: HOWTO]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:30, 9 January 2020
Introduction
This article describes the migration of OpenVZ containers to Linux containers (LXC). OpenVZ is not available for Kernels above 2.6.32, therefore a migration is necessary. Linux Container technology is available in all mainline Linux kernels and a future proof technology introduced in Proxmox VE 4.x series.
Move an OpenVZ container to LXC in 5 steps
General overview
Basically you have to follow these steps:
on the Proxmox VE 3.x node
- note the network settings used by the container
- make a backup of the OpenVZ container
on the Proxmox VE 4.x node:
- restore/create a LXC container based on the backup
- configure the network with the previous settings
- boot and voilà, it works
Note that all the steps mentioned here can be done with the Web GUI. However, it is easier to split the steps in command line actions. This allows to script the steps if there is a bigger number of containers to convert.
Unsupported OpenVZ templates
Not all OpenVZ templates are supported. If you try to convert OpenVZ template with unsupported OS then you will get error message during pct restore command and restore will fail.
unsupported fedora release 'Fedora release 14 (Laughlin)'
Step by step conversion
Login with ssh on your Proxmox VE 3.x node:
Suppose you want to migrate three different containers: a CentOS container, an Ubuntu, and a Debian container.
vzlist
CTID NPROC STATUS IP_ADDR HOSTNAME
100 20 running - centos6vz.proxmox.com
101 18 running - debian7vz.proxmox.com
102 20 running 192.168.15.142 ubuntu12vz.proxmox.com
Get the network configuration of the OpenVZ containers, and note it somewhere
A) If your container uses a venet device, you get the address directly from the command line:
vzlist 102 CTID NPROC STATUS IP_ADDR HOSTNAME 102 20 running 192.168.15.142 ubuntu12vz.proxmox.com
B) If your container uses veth, the network configuration is done inside the container. How to find the network configuration depends on which OS is running inside the container:
If you have a CentOS based container, you can get the network configuration like this:
# start a root shell inside the container 100 vzctl enter 100 cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 exit
There may be more than one network interface in CentOS that will be seen using ifcfg-eth1 and the like in the above command.
If you have a Debian, Ubuntu or Turnkey Linux appliance (all network interfaces are available in one go here):
vzctl enter 101 cat /etc/network/interfaces exit
Make a backup of your containers
First choose on which storage you want to backup the containers.
# List available storages: pvesm status freenas nfs 1 27676672 128 27676544 0.50% local dir 1 8512928 2122088 6390840 25.43% nas-iso nfs 1 2558314496 421186560 2137127936 16.96%
For example, you can use the "local" storage, which corresponds to the directory /var/lib/vz/dump on a standard Proxmox VE installation.
By default, this storage does not allow backups to be stored, so make sure you enable it for backup contents. (See Storage type Content)
Then backup all the containers
# Stop the container, and start a backup right after the shutdown: vzctl stop 100 && vzdump 100 -storage local vzctl stop 101 && vzdump 101 -storage local vzctl stop 102 && vzdump 102 -storage local
At that point you can either:
- A) Upgrade your Proxmox VE 3.x node to Proxmox VE 4.x
- B) Copy the backups to a Proxmox VE 4.x node, and do the conversion on the Proxmox VE 4.x node
Suppose you follow option B) (copy the backups to the Proxmox VE 4.x node, and convert to LXC format)
# Copy each container tar backup to the pve4 node via ssh: cd /var/lib/vz/dump/ scp vzdump-openvz-100-2015_08_27-10_46_47.tar root@pve4:/var/lib/vz/dump scp vzdump-openvz-101-2015_08_27-10_50_44.tar root@pve4:/var/lib/vz/dump scp vzdump-openvz-102-2015_08_27-10_56_34.tar root@pve4:/var/lib/vz/dump
Restore/Create LXCs based on your backup
Now switch to the Proxmox VE 4 node, and create containers based on the backup:
pct restore 100 /var/lib/vz/dump/vzdump-openvz-100-2015_08_27-10_46_47.tar pct restore 101 /var/lib/vz/dump/vzdump-openvz-101-2015_08_27-10_50_44.tar pct restore 102 /var/lib/vz/dump/vzdump-openvz-102-2015_08_27-10_56_34.tar
At that point you should be able to see your containers in the web interface, but they still have no network.
Note: if you want to / have to restore to a different storage than the default 'local' one, add "-storage STORAGEID" to the "pct restore" command. E.g., if you have a ZFS storage called 'local-zfs', you can use the following command to restore:
pct restore 100 /var/lib/vz/dump/vzdump-openvz-100-2015_08_27-10_46_47.tar -storage local-zfs
Add network configuration based on the original settings
LXCs uses virtual network adapter which are bridged to the physical interface of your host. This works very similar to the way veth devices work in OpenVZ.
In Proxmox VE 3.x the configuration of each container using a veth device had to be done inside the container. In Proxmox VE 4.x you can do this directly from the host.
Add network configuration via the GUI
For each container:
- Select the container by clicking on it
- Go to the Network tab
- Click Add device
- On the veth device panel, add a device with the parameters:
- ID: net0
- name eth0
- put your IP address and the corresponding netmask in the following format 192.168.5.75/24
Add network configuration via the CLI
pct set 101 -net0 name=eth0,bridge=vmbr0,ip=192.168.15.144/24,gw=192.168.15.1 pct set 102 -net0 name=eth0,bridge=vmbr0,ip=192.168.15.145/24,gw=192.168.15.1
Start the containers
pct start 100 pct start 101 pct start 102
and voilà, you can now log in to a container and check that your services are running
pct enter 100
Optional steps
Graphical console
If you have not yet done it before, you can add a console to your container, so you can log in to the containers via the web GUI.
OpenVZ bind mounts
If you use OpenVZ bind mounts, you need to recreate them in LXC. See LXC Bind Mounts
PTY Allocation
`/dev/pts' and `/dev/shm' used to be present in OpenVZ templates' `/etc/fstab', but cannot be mounted with a current LXC (>= 3.0). If the VPS refuses to start remove those lines from `/etc/fstab' (or the complete file if nothing relevant remains) - e.g.:
none /dev/pts devpts rw,gid=5,mode=620 0 0 none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
need to be removed
- mount the container rootfs `pct mount $VMID'
- edit the fstab `nano /var/lib/lxc/$VMID/rootfs'
- unmount the container rootfs `pct unmount $VMID'
See also
CentOS 6 OpenVZ to LXC migration issues
https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/centos-6-openvz-to-lxc-migration-issues.35058/