Debian Appliance Builder

Introduction

Creating high quality appliances is a difficult task and requires deep knowledge of the underlying operating system. So we created the 'Debian Appliance Builder' to simplify that task. 'dab' is a script to automate the creation of OpenVZ appliances. It is basically a rewrite of debootstrap in perl, but uses OpenVZ instead of chroot and generates OpenVZ templates. Another difference is that it supports multi-stage building of templates. That way you can execute arbitrary scripts between package installation steps to accomplish what you want.

Furthermore, some common tasks are fully automated - like setting up a database server (mysql or postgres). To accomplish minimal template creation time, packages are cached to a local directory, so you do not need a local Debian mirror (although this would speed up the first run). All generated templates includes an appliance description file. Those can be used to build appliance repositories.

'dab' is licensed under GPLv2 (Open source).

Main features

• Fully automated build process with standard 'make' scripts
• Local package cache
• Multi-stage build process
• Creates and includes appliance description files
• Simplifies various tasks like database installation
• Appliances can be certified and integrated into the Proxmox VE download directory
• Supports Debian 6 (Squeeze) based appliances
• Generates 32 or 64 bit appliances
• Automatic dependency resolution

Target audience

'dab' is an easy way for software vendors and open source project to package their product into a "ready-to-run" appliance. Appliances can be published into the Proxmox VE appliance download directory to reach the target customer. See Download templates (Video).

In order to work with 'dab', basic Linux knowledge is needed.

Installation

The script needs to be run as root, so it is not recommended to start it on a production machine with running containers.

System requirements

Prepare your operating system - you can install 'dab' on the following operating systems:

• Proxmox VE (fastest)
• Proxmox VE inside Proxmox VE (KVM) - (most comfortable)
• Proxmox VE inside VMWare/XEN 64bit virtual machine
• Debian 64/Ubuntu 64 with OpenVZ Kernel (not tested)

'dab' installation

Log into Proxmox VE, and install 'dab' using apt:

apt-get install dab

Or download and install it manually:

wget http://download.proxmox.com/debian/dists/lenny/pve/binary-amd64/dab_1.1-14_all.deb
dpkg -i dab_1.1-14_all.deb

'dab' sample templates

A set of examples is also available. Simply download them:

Check for current examples at ftp://download.proxmox.com/sources/

wget ftp://download.proxmox.com/sources/dab-pve-appliances_2010-05-25.tar.gz

Unpack with tar:

tar -zxvf dab-pve-appliances_2010-05-25.tar.gz

'dab' manual pages

The package includes a manual page:

man dab

dab(1)                User Contributed Perl Documentation               dab(1)








NAME







      dab - Debian OpenVZ Appliance Builder





SYNOPSIS







      dab command [OPTIONS]
    dab init
        Downloads the package descriptions form the repository. Also
        truncates the "logfile".








      dab bootstrap
        Bootstrap a debian system and allocate a temporary container (we
        use IDs 90000 and above).








          --exim
            Use exim as MTA (we use postfix by default)








          --minimal
            Do not install standard packages.








      dab veid
        Print used container ID.








      dab basedir
        Print container private directory.








      dab packagefile
        Print the appliance file name.








      dab install pkg ...
        Install one or more packages. pkg can also refer to a file named
        "xyz.pkglist" which contains a list of packages. All dependencies
        are automatically installed.








      dab unpack pkg ...
        Unpack one or more packages. pkg can also refer to a file named
        "xyz.pkglist" which contains a list of packages. All dependencies
        are automatically unpacked.








      dab exec CMD ARGS
        Executes command CMD inside the container.








      dab enter
        Calls "vzctl enter CTID" - this is for debugging only.








      dab task mysql
        Install a mysql database server. During appliance generation we use
        "admin" as mysql root password (also stored in /root/.my.cnf).








          --password=XXX
            Specify the mysql root password. The special value "random" can
            be use to generate a random root password when the appliance is
            started first time (stored in /root/.my.cnf)








          --start
            Start the mysql server (if you want to execute sql commands
            during appliance generation).








      dab task postgres
        Install a postgres database server.








          --version=XXX
            Select Postgres version. Posible values are 7.4, 8.1 and 8.3
            (depends on the selected suite).








          --start
            Start the postgres server (if you want to execute sql commands
            during appliance generation).








      dab task php
        Install php5.








          --memlimit=i
            Set the php memory_limit.








      dab finalize
        Cleanup everything inside the container and generate the final
        appliance package.








          --keepmycnf
            Do not delete file "/root/.my.cfg" (mysql).








      dab list
        List installed packages.








          --verbose
            Also print package versions.








      dab clean
        Remove all temporary file and destroy the used OpenVZ container.








      dab dist-clean
        Like clean, but also removes the package cache (except when you
        specified your own cache directory in the config file)





DESCRIPTION







      dab is a script to automate the creation of OpenVZ appliances. It is
    basically a rewrite of debootstrap in perl, but uses OpenVZ instead of
    chroot and generates OpenVZ templates. Another difference is that it
    supports multi-stage building of templates. That way you can execute
    arbitrary scripts between to accomplish what you want.








      Furthermore some common tasks are fully automated, like setting up a
    database server (mysql or postgres).








      To accomplish minimal template creation time, packages are cached to a
    local directory, so you do not need a local debian mirror (although
    this would speed up the first run).








      See http://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Debian_Appliance_Builder for examples.








      This script need to be run as root, so it is not recommended to start
    it on a production machine with running container. Proxmox VE
    (http://pve.proxmox.com) is the preferred environment, because it is
    able to log the console output when a container starts. You wont be
    able to detect errors during container startup when running on standard
    OpenVZ. So many people run Proxmox VE inside a KVM or VMWare 64bit
    virtual machine to build appliances.








      All generated templates includes an appliance description file. Those
    can be used to build appliance repositories.





CONFIGURATION







      Configuration is read from the file "dab.conf" inside the current
    working directory. The files contains key value pairs, separated by
    colon.








      Suite: etch|lenny|squeeze|hardy|intrepid|jaunty
      The Debian or Ubuntu suite.








      Source: URL [components]
      Defines a source location. By default we use the following for
      debian:








         Source: http://ftp.debian.org/debian SUITE main contrib
       Source: http://security.debian.org SUITE/updates main contrib








        Note: SUITE is a variable and will be substituted.








        There are also reasonable defaults for Ubuntu. If you do not specify
      any source the defaults are used.








      Depends: dependencies
      Debian like package dependencies. This can be used to make sure that
      speific package versions are available.








      CacheDir: path
      Allows you to specify the directory where downloaded packages are
      cached.








      Mirror: SRCURL => DSTURL
      Define a mirror location. for example:








         Mirror: http://ftp.debian.org/debian => ftp://mirror/debian








      All other settings in this files are also included into the appliance
    description file.








      Name: name
      The name of the appliance.








        Appliance names must consist only of lower case letters (a-z), digits
      (0-9), plus (+) and minus (-) signs, and periods (.). They must be at
      least two characters long and must start with an alphanumeric
      character.








      Architecture: i386|amd64
      Target architecture.








      Version: upstream_version[-build_revision]
      The version number of an appliance.








        =item: Section: section








        This field specifies an application area into which the appliance has
      been classified. Currently we use the following section names:
      system, admin, www








      Maintainer: name <email>
      The appliance maintainer's name and email address. The name should
      come first, then the email address inside angle brackets <> (in
      RFC822 format).








      Infopage: URL
      Link to web page containing more informations about this appliance.








      Description: single line synopsis
       extended description over several lines (indended by space) may follow.





Appliance description file







      All generated templates includes an appliance description file called








       /etc/appliance.info








      this is the first file inside the tar archive. That way it can be
    easily exctracted without scanning the whole archive. The file itself
    contains informations like a debian "control" file. It can be used to
    build appliance repositories.








      Most fields are directly copied from the configuration file "dab.conf".








      Additionally there are some auto-generated files:








      Installed-Size: bytes
        It gives the total amount of disk space required to install the
        named appliance. The disk space is represented in megabytes as a
        simple decimal number.








      Type: type
        This is always "openvz".








      OS: [debian-4.0|debian-5.0|ubuntu-8.0]
        Operation system.








      Appliance repositories usually add additional fields:








      md5sum: md5sum
        MD5 checksum





FILES







      The following files are created inside your working directory:








       dab.conf          appliance configuration file








       logfile           contains installation logs








       .veid             stores the used container ID








       cache/*           default package cache directory








       info/*            package information cache





AUTHOR







      Dietmar Maurer <dietmar@proxmox.com>








      Many thanks to Proxmox Server Solutions (www.proxmox.com) for
    sponsoring this work.





COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER







      Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Proxmox Server Solutions GmbH








      Copyright: dab is under GNU GPL, the GNU General Public License.








      This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
    Free Software Foundation; version 2 dated June, 1991.








      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
    General Public License for more details.








      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
    51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.





POD ERRORS







      Hey! The above document had some coding errors, which are explained
    below:








      Around line 382:
        =back without =over













1.1                               2010-10-04                            dab(1)

Build Virtual Appliances

We published several examples to show how to work with 'dab'. To start, just build a first OS template based on our examples. If you understand the basics, you can start customizing your own appliance (based on a standard OS template).

Basic recommendations:

• Choose the best suitable base OS (Debian Etch or Lenny, Ubuntu Hardy)
• Choose the right architecture (32 or 64 bit): unless your appliance needs a lot of RAM choose 32 bit
• Always try to use Debian/Ubuntu packages for applications (instead of tar.gz files)
• Pre-configure applications as much as possible (PHP, Apache, MySql, Postgresql, etc.) - based on the recommendations of the software
• Use unique keys and passwords (auto generate them during first start-up)
• Define the update procedure for users running the appliance in production: if you use Debian packages, update is easy (apt-get update)
• Contact the Proxmox support team for help Proxmox Support Forum
• And finally: Get certified! See Certification Overview

Debian 5 Standard (Lenny, 32bit)

This example shows the basic steps when creating appliances with 'dab'. First step is to create a temporary working directory and cd into that directory (or just cd into the previously un-tared examples):

mkdir debian-5.0-standard
cd debian-5.0-standard

Now you need to create/edit the configuration file called 'dab.conf':

Suite: lenny
Architecture: i386
Name: debian-5.0-standard
Version: 5.0-1
Section: system
Maintainer: Proxmox Support Team <support@proxmox.com>
Infopage: http://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Debian_5.0_Standard
Description: Debian 5.0 (standard)
 A small Debian Lenny system including all standard packages.

Next step: Download the available package lists:

dab init

Start the creation process with:

dab bootstrap

Finally build the final appliance package with:

dab finalize

Thats all. Simply upload the final template to your Proxmox VE server (/var/lib/vz/template/cache/) and test what you created. Sure, always check if everything went well before releasing a template. For this purpose all output is logged to a file called 'logfile'.

When finished you may want to cleanup your working directory with:

dab clean

or use 'dist-clean' if you also want to erase the package cache directory:

dab dist-clean

You can automate above steps using make. Simply create a file called 'Makefile' (here is an example):

BASEDIR:=$(shell dab basedir)

all: info/init_ok
        dab bootstrap
        dab finalize

info/init_ok: dab.conf
        dab init
        touch $@

.PHONY: clean
clean:
        dab clean
        rm -f *~

.PHONY: dist-clean
dist-clean:
        dab dist-clean
        rm -f *~

To start template creation you can now simply type:

make

and

make clean

to cleanup the directory.

The Build your first DAB Appliance Template page shows how to practically setup DAB and get along building templates.

Other OS sample Appliances

These example OS templates are included in the dab-pve-appliances (42.5 MB)

• Debian 4.0 Standard (Etch, 32bit)
• Debian 4 Standard (Etch, 64bit)
• Debian 5.0 Standard (Lenny, 64bit)
• Ubuntu Hardy Standard (Hardy, 32bit)
• Ubuntu 8.04 Standard (Hardy, 64bit)

Sample Application Appliances

These example application templates are included in the dab-pve-appliances (42.5 MB)

• Acquia Drupal (Debian Etch, 32 bit)
• Drupal (Debian Lenny, 32 bit)
• MediaWiki (Debian Lenny, 32 bit)
• Joomla! (Debian Lenny, 32 bit)
• Wordpress (Debian Lenny, 32 bit)
• RT Request Tracker (Debian Lenny, 32 bit)
• X11 Terminal Server (with GNOME, Debian Lenny 32 bit)

Howto certify a Virtual Appliance

See Certification Overview

Get support

Get support including commercial support offering concerning 'dab'.