Open vSwitch

Installation

• Install the Open vSwitch packages

apt-get install openvswitch-switch

Startup Workaround

• There appears to be a bug in the current openvswitch package. It expects /run/network/ifstate to exist, but that file is created by the network scripts and openvswitch starts before network. So we need to ensure that file exists prior to starting openvswitch. That can be done by cut and pasting the below into your terminal which will append this check to /etc/default/openvswitch-switch:

cat >> /etc/default/openvswitch-switch << 'EOF'
RUN_DIR="/run/network"
IFSTATE="$RUN_DIR/ifstate"

check_ifstate() {
    if [ ! -d "$RUN_DIR" ] ; then
        if ! mkdir -p "$RUN_DIR" ; then
            log_failure_msg "can't create $RUN_DIR"
            exit 1
        fi
    fi
    if [ ! -r "$IFSTATE" ] ; then
        if ! :> "$IFSTATE" ; then
            log_failure_msg "can't initialise $IFSTATE"
            exit 1
        fi
    fi
}

check_ifstate
EOF

Configuration

Based off information found in http://git.openvswitch.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=openvswitch;a=blob;f=debian/openvswitch-switch.README.Debian;hb=HEAD

Overview

Open vSwitch and Linux bonding and bridging or vlans MUST NOT be mixed. For instance, do not attempt to add a vlan to an OVS Bond, or add a Linux Bond to an OVSBridge or vice-versa. Open vSwitch is specifically tailored to function within virtualized environments, there is no reason to use the native linux functionality.

Bridges

A bridge is another term for a Switch. It directs traffic to the appropriate interface based on mac address. Open vSwitch bridges should be bridged to raw ethernet devices (or OVS Bonded interfaces). These switches can carry multiple vlans, and be broken out into 'internal' ports if the host needs interfaces available on the network.

When configuring a bridge, in /etc/network/interfaces, prefix the bridge interface definition with allow-ovs $iface. For instance, a simple bridge containing a single interface would look like:

auto vmbr0
allow-ovs vmbr0
iface vmbr0 inet manual
  ovs_type OVSBridge
  ovs_ports eth0
  mtu 9000

You do not need to explicitly have definitions for physical interfaces such as eth0 in the configuration, they will be automatically brought up. However, any virtual interfaces (OVSBonds or OVSIntPorts) should have their definitions prefixed with allow-$brname $iface, e.g. allow-vmbr0 bond0

NOTE: All interfaces must be listed under ovs_ports that are part of the bridge even if you have a port definition (e.g. OVSIntPort) that cross-references the bridge!!!

Bonds

Bonds are used to join multiple network interfaces together to act as single unit. Bonds must refer to raw ethernet devices (e.g. eth0, eth1).

When configuring a bond, it is recommended to use LACP (aka 802.3ad) for link aggregation. This requires switch support on the other end. A simple bond using eth0 and eth1 that will be part of the vmbr0 bridge might look like this.

allow-vmbr0 bond0
iface ovsbond inet manual
  ovs_bridge vmbr0
  ovs_type OVSBond
  ovs_bonds eth0 eth1
  ovs_options bond_mode=balance-tcp lacp=active other_config:lacp-time=fast

VLANs Host Interfaces

In order for the host (e.g. proxmox host) to utilize a vlan within the bridge, you must create OVSIntPorts. These split out an untagged virtual interface in the specified vlan that you can assign an ip address to (or use DHCP). You need to set ovs_options tag=$VLAN to let OVS know what vlan the interface should be a part of.

IMPORTANT: These OVSIntPorts you create MUST also show up in the actual bridge definition under ovs_ports. If they do not, they will NOT be brought up even though you specified an ovs_bridge. You also need to prefix the definition with allow-$bridge $iface

Setting up this vlan port would look like this in /etc/network/interfaces:

allow-vmbr0 vlan50
iface vlan50 inet static
  ovs_type OVSIntPort
  ovs_bridge vmbr0
  ovs_options tag=50
  ovs_extra set interface ${IFACE} external-ids:iface-id=$(hostname -s)-${IFACE}-vif
  address 10.50.10.44
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 10.50.10.1

Note on MTU

If you plan on using a MTU larger than the default of 1500, you need to mark any physical interfaces, bonds, and bridges with a larger MTU by adding an mtu setting to the definition such as mtu 9000 otherwise it will be disallowed. However, you should NOT create definitions for your physical interfaces, instead, at the bridge or bond layer, you should use a pre-up script such as

pre-up ( ifconfig eth0 mtu 9000 && ifconfig eth1 mtu 9000 )

If you instead create entries in /etc/network/interfaces for those physical interfaces and set the MTU there, then that MTU will propagate to EVERY child. That means you wouldn't be able to configure OVSIntPorts with an mtu of 1500.

Example

The below example shows you a combination of all the above features. 2 NICs are bonded together and added to an OVS Bridge. 2 vlan interfaces are split out in order to provide the host access to vlans with different MTUs.

This is a complete and working /etc/network/interfaces listing:

# Loopback interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# Bond eth0 and eth1 together
allow-vmbr0 bond0
iface bond0 inet manual
  ovs_bridge vmbr0
  ovs_type OVSBond
  ovs_bonds eth0 eth1
  # Force the MTU of the physical interfaces to be jumbo-frame capable.
  # This doesn't mean that any OVSIntPorts must be jumbo-capable.  
  # We cannot, however set up definitions for eth0 and eth1 directly due
  # to what appear to be bugs in the initialization process.
  pre-up ( ifconfig eth0 mtu 9000 && ifconfig eth1 mtu 9000 )
  ovs_options bond_mode=balance-tcp lacp=active other_config:lacp-time=fast
  mtu 9000

# Bridge for our bond and vlan virtual interfaces (our VMs will
# also attach to this bridge)
auto vmbr0
allow-ovs vmbr0
iface vmbr0 inet manual
  ovs_type OVSBridge
  ovs_ports bond0 vlan50 vlan55
  mtu 9000

# Proxmox cluster communication vlan
allow-vmbr0 vlan50
iface vlan50 inet static
  ovs_type OVSIntPort
  ovs_bridge vmbr0
  ovs_options tag=50
  ovs_extra set interface ${IFACE} external-ids:iface-id=$(hostname -s)-${IFACE}-vif
  address 10.50.10.44
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 10.50.10.1
  mtu 1500

# Ceph cluster communication vlan (jumbo frames)
allow-vmbr0 vlan55
iface vlan55 inet static
  ovs_type OVSIntPort
  ovs_bridge vmbr0
  ovs_options tag=55
  ovs_extra set interface ${IFACE} external-ids:iface-id=$(hostname -s)-${IFACE}-vif
  address 10.55.10.44
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  mtu 9000

Multicast

Right now Open vSwitch doesn't do anything in regards to multicast. Typically where you might tell linux to enable the multicast querier on the bridge, you should instead set up your querier at your router or switch. Please refer to the Multicast_notes wiki for more information.

Using Open vSwitch in Proxmox

Using Open vSwitch is just like using normal linux bridges. You would choose your bridge that contains the vlan you want your VM to be a part of, and enter the VLAN Tag associcated with the VLAN and that VM will be a part of the assigned vlan.