Troubleshooting
I can't switch virtual consoles in Linux KVM guests with alt-F1, alt-F2...
VNC viewer does not pass some key combinations or they may be intercepted by your operating system.
To send custom key combinations to the guest, go to "Monitor" in Virtual Machine Configuration for a given guest and use "sendkey" command.
For example, to switch to the third console (tty3) you would use:
sendkey alt-f3
How can I send sysrq to Linux KVM guests?
Similarly to the above, go to "Monitor" in Virtual Machine Configuration for a given guest and use "sendkey" command.
For example, to issue "Emergency Sync", you would use:
sendkey alt-sysrq-s
In the VNC viewer for the given guest you should see:
SysRq : Emergency Sync
You should also see this entry if you run "dmesg" on this guest.
See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key for a full reference of possible combinations.
How can I access Linux guests through a serial console?
Sometimes, it is necessary to access the guest through a serial console:
- you lost network access to the guest and VNC is either too slow for you or don't have the features you need (i.e. easy copy/paste between other terminals)
- your guest freezes or kernel panics, you want to debug it, but it's impossible to capture all messages on VNC screen
- you are familiar with
xm console <guest>from Xen and you want to use a similar feature here
The necessary steps are:
- on Proxmox VE host, in guest's configuration file in
/etc/qemu-server/<VMID>.confadd:
args: -serial unix:/var/run/qemu-server/<VMID>.serial,server,nowait
This will open console in /var/run/qemu-server/<VMID>.serial socket file, which can be accessed by minicom or other serial communication program.
An alternative is to add:
args: -serial tcp:localhost:6000,server,nowait
With this, you can connect to guest's serial console with telnet. Note that with telnet, any passwords will be visible on the screen.
- on guest, in /etc/inittab, look for lines similar to the ones below and make sure you have "ttyS0" there - this would be your serial console:
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty ttyS0
If you want kernel messages to be shown on both serial and VGA consoles, you have to add a kernel parameter in your bootloader's configuration. For grub, it would be these "console" entries:
kernel (hd0,0)/boot/vmlinuz root=LABEL=guest-root console=ttyS0 console=tty0
To access the guest from minicom, configure it to use a path such as unix#/var/run/qemu-server/<VMID>.serial in "cOnfigure Minicom -> Serial port setup -> Serial Device".
To use multiple minicom configurations for several guests, create a file like /etc/minicom/minirc.someguest for each of your guests, with contents:
pu port unix#/var/run/qemu-server/<VMID>.serial pu minit pu mreset
Then, start the console with:
minicom someguest
See also http://www.proxmox.com/forum/showthread.php?p=5615
How can I assign a physical disk to a VM?
You don't have to do anything at host level (i.e. not add to fstab or anything), just set is as available directly to the KVM guest:
qm set <vmid> -ide# /dev/sdb
Or:
qm set <vmid> -ide# /dev/disk/by-id/[your disk ID]
...since having the drive letter change (should you add a drive) might have unintended consequences.
Also see /etc/qemu-server/<vmid>.conf if you want to add it editing the conf file by hand (i.e. adding ide1: /dev/sdb2). After that you can run the VM as usual, and you will have the new storage device available inside it. Beware that you can't assign it to more than one running VM if the filesystem is not designed for such scenario.
How can I assign a physical disk to a CT?
See http://wiki.openvz.org/Bind_mounts
"error: out of partition" after a fresh install
The error message below may happens when you had two or more harddrives connected during the installation. Try to disconnect all but one disk.
error: out of partition. grub rescue>
NFS Client Mount Error: "mount.nfs: No such device"
By default NFS cannot be mounted in VZ containers. See this page to set-it-up: OpenVZ: NFS See also this page to make an host's directory visible to a container: OpenVZ: Bind mounts