Migration of servers to Proxmox VE

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Introduction

There are various ways to migrate existing servers to Proxmox VE. They can be divided into two categories:

Physical-to-Virtual (P2V)
Migration of physical servers to Proxmox VE
Virtual-to-Virtual (V2V)
Migration of virtual machines and containers from other hypervisors to Proxmox VE

Physical-to-Virtual (P2V)

Follow these steps to do a P2V migration and turn a physical machine into a Proxmox VE virtual machine that uses Qemu and KVM.

Clonezilla Live CDs

This method is fast, reliable and OS independent as it uses live CDs.

  • Get a live Linux CD like Clonezilla.
  • Prepare the source host, make sure that you have standard IDE drivers enabled (for WinXP/Win2003 use the mergeide.reg (File:Mergeide.zip) ), for W2k I followed this link (solution 2 worked for me): [1]
  • Now, boot the physical host with Clonezilla, go for beginner mode and select device - device and then remote, just follow the wizard
  • On the Proxmox VE host, prepare a KVM guest, make sure you got a big enough IDE disk assigned (add 1 GB extra to be on the safe side) and also boot this KVM guest with the live CD and execute a shell.
  • Become root and run fdisk (fdisk /dev/sda/) to make sure that sda is here, exit fdisk with 'w'. this was essential.
  • Now enter all commands from the wizard on the source server tells you (configure network and request the copy process)
  • After success (the wizard just copies the data, means I got a 80 GB disk but only 5 GB data on it so it was just a few minutes for the whole process on a gigabit network) just change the boot device to the hard disk and start the VM. Windows will install all needed drivers automatically, just the Intel NIC drivers for e1000 must be loaded from ISO (I got one big driver ISO from Intel containing all NIC drivers).

VMware Converter

Physical (running) Windows server to Proxmox VE (KVM) using VMware vCenter Converter Standalone Client (V5)

Tested on an HP ProLiant ML350 G5 and G6

Prepare Windows

VMware vCenter Converter Standalone Client

  • Download here(version 5.x is Free Software and also free of charge but you need to create an account and login before download)

Mergeide.reg

Prepare location to save local image

This guide is using an external USB Hard Drive. You may also save to a mapped network share.

NOTE Although the final image will be around the same size as the actual amount of data on the server, the Proxmox VE server should have enough free space to fit the total physical disk of the server unless you plan to shrink the windows disks. once migrated to Proxmox VE.

VMware vCenter Settings

Launch VMware vCenter and use the following settings:

  • Source type: Powered-on machine
  • Specify the powered-on machine: This local machine
  • Select destination type: VMware Workstation or other VMware virtual machine
  • Select VMware Product: VMware Workstation 8.0.x
  • Name: Enter the desired name for the image
  • Select a location for the virtual machine: Browse to the USB or Network drive where the image will be saved.

The next screen shows the settings for the virtual machine.

Click on Advanced options, select the Post-conversion tab and make sure ‘Install VMware Tools on the destination virtual machine’ is NOT check. We do not want to install VMware tools.

Click next and Finish.

It will now convert your physical machine to a .vmdk file.

NOTE: Depending on your hardware, you may need to boot the .vmdk file using VMware Workstation or Player before moving the file to the Proxmox VE server. This allows windows to install additional drivers for the disk controller. If promoted to convert the disk to Workstation 9.x compatibility, say Yes. You won't know if you need this step until starting the Windows VM in the final step. If you get a blue screen during boot, you should try this step.

Prepare the VM on Proxmox VE

Create a new KVM virtual machine. You’ll want to use similar CPU and memory as the physical system. In the Hard Disk menu, leave everything as default. We won’t be using the disk created by Proxmox VE. Finish creating the VM. Make note of the VMID. For this guide, we’ll be using 100 as an example.

Once the VMware converter has completed, disable all of the networks adapters on the physical server and shut down. Disabling the network adapters will avoid potential IP conflicts if you will start the physical server back into Windows after you have your new virtual server running.

Move the image to the Proxmox VE Server

Plug a USB Hard Drive into the server

From the Proxmox VE command line: 

mkdir /mnt/usb

mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/usb/

ls /mnt/usb

You should see the contents of the USB drive. In my case, the vmdk file was located in /mnt/usb/windows-server/

Converting to qcow2

We want to convert the .vmdk image file to qcow2. To do this, use the following command: 

qemu-img convert -f vmdk /mnt/usb/windows-server/windows-server.vmdk -O qcow2 /var/lib/vz/images/100/windows-server.qcow2

This can take a while depending on the size of file and speed of your system.

Final Steps

Once the conversion is complete, we need to edit the configuration file for the VM. 

nano /etc/pve/local/qemu-server/100.conf

In the line with ide0: we want to change vm-100-disk-1.raw,size=32G to windows-server.qcow2

You may delete the empty disk created by Proxmox VE when you created the VM. 

rm /var/lib/vz/images/100/vm-100-disk-1.raw

Start the VM and open the console. Windows should boot up normally. It’ll take a few minutes to detect the hardware changes. If the Windows system had a static IP address, you'll have to reconfigure the settings.

Alternative Methods

Virtual-to-Virtual (V2V)

Follow these steps to do a V2V migration and move a virtual machine from another hypervisor to a Proxmox VE virtual machine that uses Qemu and KVM.

VMware

This explains the migration from a VMware ESXi 6.7 hypervisor to Proxmox VE 6.1. It is tested with guests with the following operating systems:

  • Debian 10
  • Windows 10 Pro
  • Windows Server 2016 Standard

Exporting

GUI

In VMware ESXi navigate to your virtual machine in the tree on the left. Choose Actions->Export. This will download disk images and information about your virtual machine in the .ovf format in the browser. Move those files to a storage that is accessible by your Proxmox VE host.

CLI

Install VMware's ovftool on your Proxmox VE host. Version 4.4 of ovftool works with ESXi 6.7, others might crash with an unhelpful error message.

Run 

ovftool vi://root@<ip-of-esxi>/<name-of-a-virtual-machine> .

to export a virtual machine from ESXi directly into your current directory.


You can replace the dot with any other path, for example "/mnt/pve/<some-storage>". This way you can export directly to a storage that you created in Proxmox VE.

Importing

Go to the command line interface of Proxmox VE. Use the command qm importovf <new-vmid> </path/to/file.ovf> to import the virtual machine. For example: 

qm importovf 200 /tmp/exported-vm.ovf

This will create a new virtual machine, using cores, memory and VM name as read from the OVF manifest, and import the disks. You have to configure the network manually. You can find syntax and an example on how to use this command on its man page.

Yellowpin.svg Note: Windows guests require a few additional steps

If your guest is Windows, you additionally have to execute the following commands. This example assumes that your imported virtual machine has the ID 130.

  • Use UEFI instead of BIOS for the virtual machine.
qm set 130 --bios ovmf
  • Windows requires additional drivers to use SCSI. Therefore, use IDE instead for the moment.
sed -i 's/scsi/ide/g' /etc/pve/qemu-server/130.conf

This gives you a first working version. You can then improve your experience by installing additional drivers as explained in Windows 10 guest best practices.

HyperV

This explains the migration from a Hyper-V on Windows 10 hypervisor to Proxmox VE 6.1. It is tested with a Proxmox VE 6.1 guest.

Proxmox VE uses qemu-img to import disks. In my tests it supported .vhdx even though some sources don't explicitly list .vhdx as supported format. There are additional options if this should not work anymore:

  • Convert-VHD is a command line tool that is built-in in Windows and converts .vhdx to .vhd. This format is supported by qemu-img.
  • StarWind V2V Converter is a graphical tool that can create .qcow2 disks from Hyper-V guests.

In Hyper-V-Manager choose "Export..." at the right side and then a destination. While many files (for example for snapshots) will be exported, we are only interested in the .vhdx file(s). Move those files to a storage that is accessible by your Proxmox VE host. You will have to recreate the virtual machine settings yourself.

Go to the GUI of Proxmox VE and create a new virtual machine. We don't need the hard disk that the virtual machine creation wizard created. Delete it in the hardware options of the virtual machine.

Now go to the command line interface of Proxmox VE. Use the command "qm importdisk" to import the .vhdx virtual hard disk. You can find syntax and an example on how to use this command on its man page.

XEN

XEN also uses qemu disk format, so it should work in the same manner as described under "VMware to Proxmox VE (KVM)".

You can use xenmigrate to do it

FreeNAS

Those are the necessary steps to migrate a Ubuntu Bionic VM from FreeNAS 11.2 to Proxmox VE 6.2-1. The VM in FreeNAS was created with the following parameters

  • Boot Loader Type: UEFI
  • Guest OS: Ubuntu Bionic
  • Disk
    • Disk Mode: AHCI
    • Zvol: test/ubuntu-1xmtpt

Check the name of your zvol by going to Virtual Machines → Options of the VM ⋮→ Devices → Options of your disk ⋮ → Edit → Zvol

Preparation in FreeNAS

  1. Create a shared directory in Sharing → Unix (NFS) Shares with path /mnt/test.
  2. Enable SSH in Services & edit the SSH service (Actions) to allow password login for root
  3. Copy the zvol to the shared directory
    1. Log in to FreeNAS via SSH 
      ssh root@ip.of.your.freenas
    2. Copy the zvol to the shared directory 
      dd if=/dev/zvol/test/ubuntu-1xmtpt of=/mnt/test/ubuntu.raw bs=1m

Importing to Proxmox VE

  1. Create a virtual machine (here vmid is 103) in Proxmox VE. Make sure to set BIOS to OVMF (this is UEFI).
  2. Delete the disk that was created in step 1.
  3. Create a directory mkdir /home/user/freenas
  4. Mount the shared directory from FreeNAS 
     sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.31.241:/mnt/test /home/user/freenas
  5. Import the image of the FreeNAS VM to the Proxmox VE VM as unused disk (vmid 103, storage local) 
    qm importdisk 103 /home/user/freenas/ubuntu.raw local --format qcow2
  6. In the GUI of Proxmox VE:
    1. Go to the hardware view of your new virtual machine
    2. Set the display to spice
    3. Double click on the unused disk to attach it and choose Virtio as bus
    4. Go to the options view of your new virtual machine
    5. Choose your new virtio disk as bootdisk

Qemu/KVM

Create an new VM on Proxmox VE and add the existing disk image to this new VM, set the boot order and start.


Minimal example

First a VM has to be created. 120 is an unused VM ID. 

qm create 120 --bootdisk scsi0

someImage.img is an image that was created before. someStorage is the name of a storage as listed in pvesm status. 

qm importdisk 120 someImage.img someStorage

qm importdisk adds the image as unused disk to the virtual machine. Thus, making it the bootdisk is still necessary. 

qm set 120 --scsi0 someStorage:vm-120-disk-0

Further information

If your use case is not covered by this article you should check out the additional ways to migrate to Proxmox VE in the wiki. It gathers years of knowledge for cases which are not as common as the ones explained here.

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